Omeprazole
- Description: Omeprazole is the active ingredient in both 20 mg and 40 mg capsule. It is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces stomach acid production by inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in the gastric lining.
- Function: Provides relief from conditions caused by excessive stomach acid, such as GERD, peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
1. Product Description
- Name: G-Omozol 20/40mg (Omeprazole)
- Type: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
- Form: Oral capsule
- Strength: Available in 20 mg and 40 mg per capsule
2. Chemical Information
- Chemical Name: Omeprazole
- Molecular Formula: C17_{17}17H19_{19}19N3_{3}3O3_{3}3
- Molecular Weight: Approximately 345.35 g/mol
3. Indications
- Primary Uses:
- Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Healing of erosive esophagitis caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Management of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (a condition where the stomach produces excessive acid)
- Treatment of peptic ulcers, including those caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, often in combination with antibiotics
4. Dosage and Administration
- Dosage Forms:
- Omeprazole 20 mg: Typically used for standard indications such as GERD and peptic ulcers.
- Omeprazole 40 mg: Used for more severe conditions or where higher doses are needed, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or severe GERD.
- Typical Dosage Schedule:
- 20 mg: Usually once daily before a meal. Can be taken up to twice daily for severe conditions.
- 40 mg: Typically once daily, but can be taken up to twice daily as required.
- Administration: Swallow capsules whole with a full glass of water. Do not crush, chew, or break the capsules.
5. Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Omeprazole is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations occur approximately 1 to 2 hours after oral administration.
- Distribution: It is extensively bound to plasma proteins.
- Metabolism: Metabolized primarily in the liver via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system (CYP2C19 and CYP3A4).
- Excretion: Excreted mainly in the urine, with a smaller amount eliminated via bile.
6. Side Effects
- Common Side Effects:
- Gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Serious Side Effects:
- Risk of Clostridium difficile infection in the colon
- Risk of bone fractures with long-term use
- Kidney issues (e.g., acute interstitial nephritis)
- Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels)
7. Contraindications
- Known Allergies: Hypersensitivity to omeprazole or other PPIs.
- Liver Disease: Severe hepatic impairment.
- Drug Interactions: Caution with drugs that interact with CYP2C19, such as clopidogrel.
8. Precautions
- Caution: Use with caution in patients with a history of liver disease, renal impairment, or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Drug Interactions: May interact with drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking.
- Monitoring: Regular monitoring of magnesium levels and bone density may be necessary during long-term therapy.
9. Storage
- Conditions: Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
- Packaging: Typically found in blister packs or bottles with child-resistant caps.
10. Patient Counseling Information
- Adherence: Take as prescribed and do not exceed the recommended dose.
- Timing: Best taken before a meal, usually in the morning.
- Report Symptoms: Notify your healthcare provider if you experience severe side effects or signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, or swelling.